Prisoners with Special Needs free essay sample

A special need inmate has a physical or mental disability that limits their capacity to function in the normal inmate population. The United States is made up of individuals of all walks of life. The prisoners held in American prisons are no different. The United States prison system does not discriminated among its prisoners. These prisoners may have physical or mental disabilities however, if they committed a crime and are sentenced to spend time in prison then that is where they go. The fact is these inmates have special needs and are not special. They have been incarcerated for a reason. The most common special needs prisoners are mentally ill inmates. Mental disabilities are subdivided into three general categories, developmental disabilities, learning disabilities, and mental illness (Silka Hauser, 1997). Developmental disabilities are referred to as mentally retarded. Intelligence is measured by IQ, someone with developmental disabilities has an According to Silka and Hauser (1997) â€Å"IQ of less than 100. We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoners with Special Needs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mild mental retardation has an IQ of 51-69, moderate mental retardation is an IQ of 35-50, severe is an IQ 20-35, and profound is 20 and below† (p. Levels of severity, Table 1). Mentally ill inmates are classified into two categories, emotional disturbances, and personality disorders. Some mental disorders commonly found in prison are paranoia, depression, hypochondria, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. It is the job of corrections officers to get these individuals medical treatment (Silka Hauser, 1997). A lack of family relationships, education, and employment related skills can further criminal activity. Federal and state levels have a hard time finding the funds to treat the mentally ill who have been incarcerated. Many times mentally ill inmates go undiagnosed or their needs are not met because corrections officers do not know how to handle them. If these offenders are not properly cared for their physical and mental state will deteriorate. This causes them to be much more of a burden on society and the prison system financially (National center for biotechnology information, u. s. national library of medicine, 2013). The aging population of inmates accounts for 20% of the entire prison population. Inmates are required to serve 85% of their sentence before they can be released. Life sentences are used for often than before (CJi Interactive, University of Phoenix, 2011). Discretion of the judge has been taken away because of mandatory sentencing. Without mandatory sentencing the judge could his discretion and sentence these aging offenders to another sentence other than incarceration (Seiter, p, 223, 2011). The cost to care for an elderly inmate is three times more than the average inmate or $60,000 a year. Policies are needed specifically geared toward the elderly to help care for them (CJi Interactive, University of Phoenix, 2011). Juveniles 18 and younger are committing more violent crimes. For this reason Legislation is being sought after to try juveniles as adults. These offenders have been sentenced as an adult and are held in adult prisons but, are developmentally immature. An issue to consider is, segregation of the juvenile, staff specifically trained, and educational programs available. Also treatment programs must be available and designed for the youth (CJi Interactive, University of Phoenix, 2011). Drug offenders account for many offenders in prison. These offenders have a history of drug use and abuse. Many of the offenders have a history of drug use and abuse, have physical addictions, or drug related illnesses. The need for drugs and drug use is a contributor of crime and needs to be treated while incarcerated. Issues to consider when moving an offender into a facility is there should be a variety of drug treatment programs available, specialized treatment for drug related illnesses, and mental health treatment (CJi Interactive, University of Phoenix, 2011). The Monroe Correctional Complex offers a Sexual Offender Treatment Program. Of the offenders that complete this program seven percent return to prison. It is estimated that 95 % of sentenced sex offenders in prison return to the community. Treatment for offenders is one element to an all-inclusive attempt to expand community safety. According to Department of Corrections Washington State (2012), â€Å"The Monroe Correctional Complex believes treatment for sex offenders is a key component of its Reentry Initiative. The Reentry Initiative is designed to help offenders begin to receive the treatments, education, and job training they need in prison so they can return to society making choices that will keep them out of prison† (para. 1, 2, 3). According to Department of Corrections Washington State (2012), â€Å"The Monroe Correctional Complex has three main goals: 1. Help offenders learn to reduce and manage risk. 2. Provide information to help the department and its community partners monitor and manage offenders more effectively. â€Å"Group therapy’s goals are to help offenders: Take responsibility for assaultive behavior Learn how to understand their patterns (cycles) of criminal behavior Learn relapse prevention and other management skills to reduce risk of reoffense Learn the attitudes, thinking skills and behaviors needed to safely reside in the community Prepare to learn new skills and knowledge† According to Department of Corrections Washington State (2012), â€Å"Additional classes and sessions address sexual deviancy, life skills and other topics. Offenders vary widely in their motivation and commitment to change. Treatment is likely to be successful to the extent that the offender is able to: Recognize and understand the factors that contributed to his or her offense(s). Monitor themselves and their environment to detect changes indicating that their risk to reoffend is increasing. Develop the skills necessary to intervene, manage and reduce risky behavior Remain willing and able to apply monitoring and intervention skills in a timely and effective manner, including seeking outside assistance when necessary† (para. 9, 10, 11) In conclusion, The Monroe Correctional Complex sex offender program has been successful. Only seven percent of offenders who have completed the program return to prison. There is a waiting list and criteria to qualify for the programming and are taken on a case-by-case basis. More of these types of programs need to be used to reduce the recidivism.

Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essays

Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essays Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essay Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essay They no longer are phased by the bones that they walk all over of their fellow comrades, they fail to show empathy for those around them and they cannot even bring homeless to make Jokes to try and lift the spirits of themselves and their friends. This is all a result of being exposed to the front line for so long. At first, we are baffled at this statement made by Owen, simply because In other poems, he tries to portray a sense of compassion towards those that die at War. The attitude that Is conveyed In Apologia Pro pomade and Dulcet Et Decorum Est In particular Is one of disappointment at the public for not showing enough sympathy. In Apologia, Owen even redefines beauty as the bonds that are formed in confined environments like hose at War. Therefore, in terms of this form of insensitiveness Owen opposes his usual messages in Insensibility. In the middle of the first stanza, Owen makes a bold statement, a lone sentence; The front line withers. , implying that it resembles flowers shrilling and dying. He then brings us back to reality and reminds us that the truth Is not flowers that are dying, but real men. He goes against the poetic click © of the men being compared to flowers, and strongly focuses on actuality. : This could be where Owen first addresses the topic of Imagination In his poem. HIS unwillingness to promote men as metaphoric resemblances to flowers could be an example of how he thought imagination to be pathetic. However, the idea of one being better off without it is not really evident in this stanza because by highlighting the reality of men dying, he is causing no Joy but more upset if anything. The third stanza opens with Happy are those who lose imagination; the same type of opening sentence as the others. Here, Owen creates the image of men who have been weakened to the state where they have been reduced to robot like creatures, only carrying out their duties, having lost the ability to think for themselves. This insensibility Is extended to the point where they do not even feel pain as their wounds can not more ache. Being surrounded by the red of blood has no affect on them any longer as they have become so used to It. Their eyes are rid of all the pain around them and they do not contemplate It to be anything out of the ordinary. I nose men nave Eden Don unearned Ana weakened to ten pilot winner teen can even laugh [at] the dying. With this, Owen is saying that these reduced men and owe numb to their surroundings and happenings; as they are numb, they are able to withstand the pain and not be affected by it. In the environment of war, where happiness ceases to exist, the next best thing to feel, is nothing. When you feel nothing, you do not feel pain or fear and so one could interpret this lack of sadness, as happiness. However, it is only really in the first part of the stanza that Owen conveys this message where imagination is a burden to the soldiers. The idea of men who are emotionless and have no imagination is no more appealing than the image f corpses and so Owens message could be more complex than the one of soldiers being better off without imagination. It could agree that being numb is less damaging than being vulnerable but it also builds up the image of these men acting like zombies. It treats imagination like something that can cause unbearable pain, but something that we all should have as humans. The fourth stanza elaborates on the message that is created in the first three. It mentions the innocent men who would sing along while marching unaware of what lies ahead. In comparison to those are the men who have been trained and have to make decisions rather than to simply follow orders. Their naivety is almost something to new and so in this case, lack of knowledge and imagination is something that is a form of protection against harsh reality. It could be construed that Owen does actually new those who do not suffer from the troubled thoughts that he does but who instead have no imagination. However, in the last stanza, Owen criticizes this same insensitivity to surroundings and War on the home front. He describes these men as stones because of their lack of emotion and feeling for the men suffering. He may even be cursing them with death as stones could be taken as tombstones. Owens greatest condemnation of those on the home front is that unlike the soldiers, it was by choice they made themselves immune and so it was their conscious decision to pay no attention to the countless number of losses at War. In this case, he despises those who do not have, or choose not to have the moral capacity to empathic and use their minds to help. The irregularity of the poem takes the attention away from the structure and sheds more light onto what Owen actually wants to be read. The use of paraphrase works in the same way; words such as shilling and shelling, and rid and red bring the focus more onto the meaning of his words rather than the sound of them. In many of his poems, Owen addresses this criticism of the home front being ignorant by choice to the suffering at War which include Dulcet et Decorum Est and Apologia Pro Pomade Memo.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act

In determining who the Act is for, the definition of ATSI people must be considered. As this Act does not provide a definition, a review of prior Australian legislative and common law definitions is therefore required. The definition of ATSI people has a long and contentious history in Australia. Even today, two very different definitions are concurrently in use. One, commonly found in Australian legislation, defines Aboriginals as a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia. The second definition, a three-part test proposed in the early 1980’s by the Commonwealth Department of Aboriginal Affairs, identifies ATSI peoples as being ‘of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identify as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and are accepted as such by the community in which they live. ’ The first definition becomes problematic as it fails to establish the sort of evidence required to satisfy it. Advances in the field of human genetics have concluded that there is no meaningful genetic or biological basis for the concept of ‘race’. The second definition presents its own problems, which arise when the Aboriginality of the community doing the accepting is thrown into question. Subsequent case law has further developed the definition of ATSI people, for example in Gibbs v Capewell (1995), Justice Drummond stated that ‘the less the degree of Aboriginal descent, the more important cultural circumstances become in determining whether a person is Aboriginal’. In Eatock v Bolt [2011], Bromberg J considered the extent to which each criteria in the three-part test needed to be deployed, stating that: â€Å"For some legislative purposes and in the understanding of some people, compliance with one or two of the attributes of the three-part test may be regarded as sufficient. † The currently favoured three-part definition may be considered an advancement over earlier colonial definitions of ATSI people, which comprised of derogatory terms such as â€Å"nobel savage† or â€Å"prehistoric beast†. The fact remains however within in Australia, only ATSI people are required to prove their identity. Furthermore, it is Australia’s legislature, comprising of mainly non-ATSI representatives, who are tasked with defining ATSI people, rather than ATSI peoples themselves. Who will benefit The question as to who this Act will benefit requires an examination of what the Act aims to achieve prior to the conclusion of its two year ‘sunset provision’, as well as the longer term aims to which the Act is directed. Parliament has acknowledged that the Act is only an interim step towards recognition of ATSI peoples in the Constitution, and that the Act is not intended to be a substitute for constitutional recognition itself. The Act provides for the recognition of ATSI people as Australia’s first occupants, acknowledges their continuing relationship with their traditional land and waters, and acknowledges ATSI people’s culture, language and heritage. The Act does not create any material or economic benefits for ATSI people. Rather, it aims at building political support for Constitutional reform. As the Australian Founding Fathers paid no attention at all to the position of the Australian aboriginal race, the Act may be of some benefit to the emotional wellbeing of ATSI people as it formally acknowledges their cultural heritage. However, due to the section 5 of the Act, which causes these to cease two years after its commencement, any such benefit will be temporary. Furthermore, as Parliament must hold a successful referendum to effect any Constitutional change, there remains a possibility that Parliament could fail to generate enough support for the amendments it proposes. In that case the Act would have been little, if any, lasting benefit. As Parliament is yet to propose any amendments to the Constitution, it remains unclear who will benefit in the longer term. PART B: Provisions to Bind Future Parliaments The Act provides a process for progressing constitutional recognition of ATSI people into the future. Section 4 (1) of the Act provides that the relevant minister must conduct a review of support for a referendum to recognize ATSI people in the Constitution within 12 months of the commencement of the Act. As the Act commenced in February 2012, and a Federal election is due for the same year, it is likely that this provision will take effect after the election. The question of whether this provision is binding on future Parliaments requires an examination of whether the Parliament has the power do so, and if it does, under what circumstances. Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary sovereignty represents one of the twin pillars of British constitutional law, along with the rule of law, identified by the influential nineteenth century jurist, Alfred Venn Dicey (1835-1922). Dicey defined Parliamentary Sovereignty as essentially being â€Å"the power of lawmaking unrestricted by any legal limit† which gives Parliament â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law; whatever†. However, unlike the United Kingdom, the Australian Parliament is constrained by the Commonwealth Constitution and is therefore not absolutely sovereign In theory, there is a necessary limit to sovereignty. If Parliament were absolutely sovereign to pass any law whatsoever, it could pass laws limiting the power of its successors, and parliamentary sovereignty would be short-lived. In Australia, the general rule is that Parliament is not bound by a previous Parliament. This was supported by the majority in Kartinyeri, who concluded, as Brennan CJ and McHugh J put it, that â€Å"the power to make laws includes the power to unmake them†. Each new Parliament is therefore free to create new laws afresh. The notion that Parliament is not bound by prior legislation is further supported by the doctrines of express repeal and implied repeal. The doctrine of express repeal works on the proposition that a later act of Parliament can be enacted which expressly and clearly repeals an earlier act in its totality. The doctrine of implied repeal states that certain sections of an earlier act maybe accidently or impliedly repealed where the provisions of an earlier act are inconsistent with a later act. The Act in question is not binding of successor Parliaments, and may therefore be amended or repealed as Parliament sees fit. Manner and Form Provisions Australian Parliaments have on occasions sought to affect the power of their successors by imposing special requirements for the passing of some laws. These requirements, known as ‘manner and form’ provisions, are restrictive procedures. They restrict the legislative powers of the Parliament by requiring that laws on certain topics may only be enacted by a special and more difficult procedure. Probably the most common manner and form provision is the referendum requirement whereby, before royal assent is given to the bill, it must be approved by a majority of the electorate. Such a provision reconstitutes Parliament by adding an additional chamber, the electorate. This would provide a difficult hurdle for any future Parliament as only 8 of 44 referendums have been successful in Australia’s history. Although Parliament has not drafted this Act in a way which restricts its amendment or repeal, Parliament could do so by inserting manner and form provisions for this purpose. PART C: The Expert Panel Prior to drafting the Bill, the Federal Labor Government established an Expert Panel on constitutional recognition for ATSI people. Throughout 2011, the Panel engaged with thousands of Australians through submissions, consultations and meetings, to hear the views of a wide cross-section of the Australian community. In January 2012, the Panel published its report where it provided recommendations on the possible forms of constitutional recognition, along with constitutional amendments relating to racial non-discrimination. Constitutional background to this legislation The Australian ‘founding fathers’ paid no attention at all to the position of the ATSI peoples. The Constitution as originally framed in 1901 provided for the exclusion and the discriminatory treatment of the ‘aboriginal race’. There were only two references to ATSI people in the body of the original Australian Constitution: (a) Federal Parliament was denied power to make laws with respect to people of â€Å"the aboriginal race in any State†; and (b) Section 127 provided: â€Å"In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted. † The 1967 referendum, which did away with the discriminatory references in s 127 and amended s 51 (xxvi) to allow Parliament to make laws for ATSI people, was intended to be in the best interests of the Aboriginal people. However, in the case of Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998), which was the legal climax of a long political controversy, the majority of justices said that ‘for’ does not require the Parliament to legislate beneficially. The outcome meant that the Australian Parliament were empowered to enact laws that would not only benefit ATSI people, but also discriminate against them. And so, while the 1967 referendum made well-intentioned symbolic changes, the overall legal effect was that the discriminatory attitudes of the Constitution’s founders were retained. One of the principles agreed to by the Panel for its assessment of proposals for constitutional was that a proposal must be of benefit to and accord with the wishes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It could therefore be argued that an Expert Panel, comprised not only of lawyers but prominent ATSI community members, carefully scrutinising the legal ramifications of any proposed constitutional amendments, will make it less likely that constitutional recognition would have unintended outcomes for ATSI people (as in Kartinyeri). Furthermore, Megan Davis, a member of the expert panel, stated that constitutional recognition – whether amendment of a race power or a non-discrimination clause – does not foreclose on the question of sovereignty. The above findings by the Panel, along with its widespread consultation with ASTI people, will undoubtedly play a significant role in addressing the concerns the Australia people may have in relation to the proposed referendum. [ 1 ]. Dr John Gardiner-Garden, Defining Aboriginality in Australia (3 February 2003) Social Policy Group . [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. See, eg, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth). [ 4 ]. Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Report on a Review of the Administration of the Working Definition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (1981), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, cited in J Gardiner-Garden, The Definition of Aboriginality: Research Note 18, 2000–01 (2000) Parliament of Australia, 2. [ 5 ]. See above n 1. [ 6 ]. J Graves, The Emperor’s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium (2001) Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. [ 7 ]. See above n 1. [ 8 ]. 54 FCR 503. [ 9 ]. FCA 1103 (28 September 2011). 10 ]. Michael Dodson ‘The End in the Beginning: Re(de)finding Aboriginality’ (Speech delivered at the Wentworth Lecture, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 1994). [ 11 ]. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013 (Cth) s 5. [ 12 ]. Explanatory Memorandum, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Bill 2012 (Cth). [ 13 ]. Above n 11, s 3. [ 14 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. [ 15 ]. Australia Constitution s 128. [ 16 ]. Ibid. [ 17 ]. Above n 12. [ 18 ]. Sarah Joseph and Melissa Castan, Federal Constitutional Law: A Contemporary View (Thomson Reuters, 3rd ed, 2010) 3. [ 19 ]. A V Dicey, The Introduction to The Study of the Constitution (Macmillan and Co, first published 1885, 1889 ed). [ 20 ]. Ibid. [ 21 ]. Above n 21. [ 22 ]. A Reilly, G Appleby, L Grenfell and W Lacey, Australian Public Law (Oxford University Press, 2011). [ 23 ]. Ibid. [ 24 ]. 152 ALR at [13]. [ 25 ]. See, eg, Vauxhall Estates, Ltd. v. Liverpool Corporation [1932] 1 KB 733. See also Ellen Street Estates Ltd. v. Minister of Health [1934] 1 KB 590 at 597. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Above n 24. [ 28 ]. Tony Blackshield and George Williams, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (The Federation Press, 5th ed, 2010) 440. [ 29 ]. Ibid. [ 30 ]. Gerard Carney, ‘An Overview of Manner and Form in Australia’ (1989) 5 QUT Law Review 1. [ 31 ]. Ibid. [ 32 ]. Above n 32, 1340. [ 33 ]. Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Canberra, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel (2012) . [ 34 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. 35 ]. Asmi Wood, ‘Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve? ’ (2012) 37 (3) Alternative Law Journal 156-160. [ 36 ]. Law Council of Australia, Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Discussion Paper (2011) 19. [ 37 ]. Australian Constitution s 51 (xxvi). [ 38 ]. Above n 18, 484. [ 39 ]. 195 CLR 337. [ 40 ]. Pet er Hanks Deborah Cass, Australian Constitution Law: Materials and Commentary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 1999). [ 41 ]. Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 110 (Gibbs CJ). [ 42 ]. Above n 35, 158. [ 43 ]. Above n 33.

Determining HRIS Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Determining HRIS Needs - Essay Example Human resource information systems are aimed at enhancing efficient use of information to ensure informed decision-making process. When plans for updating the human resource information are being made, it is prudent to assess a number of parameters that influences the system and its operations in an organization (Torres-Coronas and Arias-Oliva, 2009). Thus, to begin with organizations should the management practices in the organization and the current technology that is implemented in relation to the changes in the business environment. In this regard, the organization should acquire knowledge of new technology that they seek to replace the current one and analyse both its advantages and drawbacks, and them assess its suitability in the organization. The government regulation concerning deployment of new technology as far as human resource information system is concerned should be analysed so as to ensure the new technology or improvements, that are to be rolled out, are in accordance with the law and they meet the minimum requirements as stipulated. The needs of the organization should also be taken into consideration since the new technology or improvements that are to be done are for the sole purpose of ensuring the objectives of the organization are achieved with ease (Torres-Coronas and Arias-Oliva, 2009). That notwithstanding, before rolling out the changes the human resource department should assess their long-term plans incline them with market dynamism and thus ensure viable long term strategy. Also information from market leaders that have successfully implemented the changes or new technology concerning the human resource information system together with records from government agencies should be analysed and aid in making informed decisions as far as the upgrade is concerned. Focus groups are prone to bias since the groups tend to be dominated by few individuals whose ideas will override the general opinion of others thus make the

A topic that shows an understanding of economics conept Term Paper

A topic that shows an understanding of economics conept - Term Paper Example Wal-Mart gets a huge discount for buying the milk in large quantities. Similarly, the suppliers who deliver the ten thousand cartons enjoy the economies of scale. The cost of delivering many cartons is remarkably low. Notably, the average cost of delivering the thousand cartons is less than that of transporting hundred. In effect, the transport cost per unit reduces remarkably. The supplier will need to pay a single driver, and the fuel cost will remain fixed. It is evident that the economies of scale benefit the firms that purchase products in large quantities. The reduction of the cost per output in turn increases the profitability of firms as in the case of Wal-Mart. The Wal-Mart economies of scale is internal. It is specific to the individual enterprise. Boyes and Melvin (2012) contend that the firms that buy products in bulk for resale benefit from the internal economies of scale known as purchasing. Such firms reduce the expenses including the transport costs. Wal-Mart continues to gain the purchasing economies of scale for buying products from the suppliers in large quantities. Similarly, the supermarket chain achieves purchasing discount. In essence, Wal-Mart and suppliers benefit from the economies of scale by purchasing and delivering in bulk respectively. Therefore, firms should capitalize on the economies of scale to maximize profits and reduce the cost of production as exemplified by Wal-Mart. The economies of scale enjoyed by the Wal-Mart can be used expound the patterns of global trade. In effect, the exploitation of the economies of scale can explain the growth of firms such as Wal-Mart in a particular industry. Boyes and Melvin (2012) argue that economists utilize the economies of scale justify free trade policies. Perhaps, the economies of scale, which Wal-Mart enjoys, has facilitated the expansion of the chain supermarket to many parts across the globe. The low cost of

Poverty Porn Essay Example for Free

Poverty Porn Essay Fundraising is a noble and selfless deed. However, an ethical issue has risen concerning the process of raising funds for poverty-stricken communities. Often, visuals of the harsh lives people in poverty face are portrayed when raising funds. The exploitation of such visuals to increase donations or support a cause is known as poverty pornography (Collin, 2009). Poverty pornography is effective in raising funds but it is incorrect due to the unethical way it is carried out that degrades the poverty-stricken communities. Poverty pornography is widely used by charitable organisations because it is an effective method of collecting donations. Research has shown that negative stimuli which evoke emotion can easily capture an individual’s attention (Murphy, Hill, Ramponi, Calder Barnard, 2010). Images of children as well as those which bring about negative emotions also tend to generate more donations (Burt Strongman, 2005). Thus, the disturbing visuals of dying children and women as well as their harsh living conditions portrayed in poverty pornography is effective in grabbing attention and generating feelings of sympathy. These feelings are then converted into actions whereby donations are increased. Therefore, poverty pornography plays a role in helping poverty-stricken communities as it easily grabs people’s attention and encourages them to increase their donations. However, its method of exploiting visuals that degrade the poverty-stricken communities makes poverty pornography unethical. The exploitation of biased visuals depicts poverty-stricken communities in a negative manner. Common examples are severely malnourished African children staring at the camera, waiting to be â€Å"saved† (Osa, 2010). While it is true that there are malnourished children, there are healthier children too. However, poverty pornography is biased as it does not represent this side of poverty-stricken communities. Although taken for a good cause, a distorted image of them is painted (Opoku-Owusu, 2003). This is unethical as the partial representation degrades them, leaving the impression that they are helpless individuals, waiting for their lives to be taken away and unable to do anything. On the other hand, some charitable organisations try to incorporate positive images into their advertisements by showing the after-effects of our donations. For example, they may show visuals of happy, smiling children as a result of our aid. However, such images indirectly degrade the communities as it gives us the impression that without our assistance, they are unable to survive. In 2001, a poll conducted in United Kingdom discovered that 74% thought that â€Å"Developing countries depend on the money and knowledge of the West to progress† (Voluntary Service Overseas, 2002). From this, we can deduce that many have the perception that poverty-stricken communities are weak and vulnerable as they are highly dependent on our help. However, this may not be true because in reality, they are the most â€Å"strongest willed, most tenacious people one could hope to meet† (Cowdroy Evans, 2010). Thus, the misrepresentation creates a false impression that poverty-stricken communities are weak and cannot survive without our aid. This false impression may also create an environment of self-pity which may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. The self-fulfilling prophecy, introduced by Merton (1948), refers to circumstances whereby an initial false claim later turns into reality. The exploitation of negative visuals pertaining to the lives of poverty-stricken communities has led to a stereotype that they are â€Å"uneducated, incapable of freeing themselves from poverty, lacking in competence, and miserable† (Clark, 2004). This stereotype may cause people to hold negative expectations on the poverty-stricken communities (Madon, Jussim, Eccles, 1997). Although these negative expectations may not be true initially, the poverty-stricken communities might adhere to them thus leading to a self-fulfilled prophecy. Therefore, the use of poverty pornography to assist them may backfire as incorrect claims can become true. Nevertheless, many organizations unremittingly use poverty pornography. Does this make poverty pornography a necessary evil? Poverty pornography is definitely not a necessary evil. It is unethical to degrade or stereotype the poverty-stricken communities, even if it is for a noble cause. Moreover, poverty pornography can instead contribute to the  poverty cycle as the negative assumptions about the poverty-stricken communities may become self-fulfilling prophecies. Thus, instead of eradicating poverty, it may worsen the conditions of poverty-stricken communities. However what other methods can we adopt to increase awareness on the needs of the poverty-stricken communities without degrading them? Instead of exploiting biased images that generate feelings of sympathy, programmes that create feelings of empathy and responsibility can be created. One such event is the inaugural 30 Hour Famine Camp in Singapore held by World Vision. In this camp, youths are given a feel of life in poverty by taking part in activities that simulates lives of children in poverty. The youths also make a stand to end global poverty by fasting for thirty hours. This camp generates empathy which encourages youths to not only donate but also to think of more ways to assist by allowing them to realise that they have the ability and responsibility to help end poverty. To portray full representation of their lives, some have embarked on projects like ‘Perspectives of Poverty’ which â€Å"expose[s] this bias [poverty pornography] and present people in a light of dignity† (McNiholl, n.d). Even though it may not help in raising funds, by presenting poverty-stricken in a better light, it balances off how degrading poverty pornography has been and slowly alters people’s perception on poverty-stricken communities. This can help remove stereotypes on them thus avoid self-fulfilling prophecies. Poverty pornography has proven to be effective. However, its unethical methods have undermined the usefulness of helping poverty-stricken communities. Instead of assisting, it strips them of their dignity, their ability to help themselves and contribute to the poverty cycle. Even though poverty pornography cannot be eradicated in the near future as it is widely used, the two methods presented above are examples of how we can slowly break away from poverty pornography. People in poverty are human beings too. Thus, in the process of assisting them, we must create a full representation of them and treat them as dignified human beings. To achieve this, poverty pornography must be eradicated. REFERENCES Burt, CDB. Strongman, K. Use Of Images In Charity Advertising: Improving Donations and Compliance Rates. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8) 1, Retrieved from http://www.usq.edu.au/extrafiles/business/journals/HRMJournal/InternationalArticles/Volume%208/Burt%20Vol%208%20no%208.pdf Clark, D. J. (2004). The production of a contemporary famine image: The image economy, indigenous photographers and the case of Mekanic Philipos. Journal of International Development, 16, 693–704. DOI: 10.1002/jid.112 Collin, M. (2009). What is ‘poverty porn’ and why does it matter for development? Retrieved 16 July 2011 from Aid Thoughts website: http://aidthoughts.org/?p=69 Cowdroy, J. Evans, H. (2005), Poverty Pornography. Retrieved 16 July, 2011 from The Global Poverty Project website: http://www.globalpovertyproject.com/blog/view/238 Madon, S., Jussim, L., Eccles, J. (1997). In search of the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 791-809. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.791 Merton, R.K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8(2), 193-210. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Murphy, F. C., Hill, E. L., Ramponi, C. C., Calder, A. J., Barnard, P. J. (2010). Paying attention to emotional images with impact. Emotion, 10(5), 605-614. DOI: 10.1037/a0019681 Opoku-Owusu, S. A. S. (2003). What can the African diaspora do to challenge distorted media perceptions about Africa? London: AFFORD. Osa, E. (2010). The starving baby syndrome is hurting Africa’s image. New African, (501), 72-73. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Scale E. (2010), WaterAid UK And Poverty Porn. Retrieved 16 July, 2011 from The Global Poverty Project website http://www.globalpovertyproject.com/blogs/view/262 Voluntary Service Overseas, (2002). The Live Aid legacy: The developing world through British eyes – A research report. London, UK: Voluntary Service Overseas.

Illegal Drugs :: essays research papers

Illegal Drugs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The product is illegal drugs. The people who deal these drugs are criminals. That's what makes the drug business different then any other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *Alcohol is a drug, yet adults are allowed to use alcohol products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *Nicotine is a drug, yet adults are allowed to use many different forms of tobacco products, all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  which have tobacco in them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *The drug Caffeine can be found in many everyday items, like soda candy bars. Think of how   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  many cops we would need if caffeine products were illegal. Why are drugs like cocaine,marijuana and heroin illegal? Cocaine, marijuana and heroin are illegal because most people think that these controlled substances are simply to dangerous for anyone to use. They the effects of thes substances ruin the body and mind so badly and quickly that no one should try them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have law aginst drug is so that the people who use dangerous drugs are putting themselves at a very high risk. They risk their health and their lives. Since they are breaking laws they also but themselves at the risk of getting arrested. They risk their freedom and their future all for drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each year drug use is the cause of a large number of accidents at home in the office and on the road. Everybody pays the price of drug abuse: more cops and prisons more hospitols and treatment centers and many lives lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But drug users hurt themselves more than anybody because they are supporting violent crimes in the drug world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just by using drugs they become part of that drug world. They are already commiting acrime. But the relationship between drug use and crime often means that drug users go on to commit crimes like robbery,burglary,assult, and murder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug addiction means that the brain is saying I need drugs now it must have drugs. This offten means that addicts commit crimes to get money for drugs.Studies show that drug use increases criminal behavior:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *64% of violent crimes involve someone on drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *75% Of prison inmates have a drug use history. *24% of addicts start dealing drugs to support their habit. Studies also show that drugs play a big part in youth and crime:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *more than 83% of youth in prison have used drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *40% of youth in prison for serious crimes were on drugs at the time of the crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *More than 40% of youth in prison used drugs befor the age of 12.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Armed patrols Search and destroy missions and helicopter surveillance. Sounds like americans at war, well this goes on every day on our own home soil and the battle fields are our national parks and forests and the enemy is

Talambuhay Ni Jose P Laurel

1. If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work A) on the wall. B) at all. C) both of these D) none of these 1. If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force you do E) twice as much work. F) four times as much work. G) the same amount of work. 2. If you push an object just as far while applying twice the force you do H) twice as much work. I) four times as much work. J) the same amount of work. 3. If you push an object with twice the work input for twice the time, your power input is K) twice. L) four times as much. M) the same amount as for half the work in half the time.4. A job is done slowly, while an identical job is done quickly. Both jobs require the same amount of work, but different amounts of N) energy. B) power. C) both of these. D) none of these.5. If you do work on an object in half the usual time, your power output is O) half the usual power output. P) the usual power output. Q) twice the usual power output.6. Exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s and you deliver a power of R) 1 W. S) 2 W. T) 1/3 W. U) 3 W. V) none of these.7. Do 100 J of work in 50 s and your power output is W) 1/4 W. X) 1/2 W. Y) 2 W. Z) 4 W. [) more than 4 W.8. When an object is raised above the ground it gains a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high it gains ) four times as much potential energy. ]) twice as much potential energy. ^) neither of the se.9. When an object is lifted 10 meters, it gains a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is lifted 20 meters, its potential energy gain is _) less. `) the same. a) twice as much. b) four times as much. c) more than 4 times as much.10. A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a gas station. Raising the more massive car requires d) less work. e) as much work. f) twice as much work. g) four times as much work. h) more than 4 times as much work.11. An object that has kinetic energy must be i) moving. j) falling. k) at an elevated position. l) at rest. m) none of these.12. An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its n) speed. o) acceleration. p) momentum. q) location. r) none of these.13. Bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction of motion. The momentum of the airplane will be s) decreased. B) unchanged. C) increased.14. A clerk can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 meter or can roll them up a 2 meter-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force required is about t) half as much. B) twice as much. C) the same.15. A bow is drawn so that it has 40 J of potential energy. When fired, the arrow will ideally have a kinetic energy of u) less than 40 J. B) more than 40 J. C) 40 J.16. No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because v) no force acts on the ball. w) no distance is covered by the ball. ) the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion. y) no potential energy is being converted to kinetic energy. z) its kinetic energy remains constant.17. Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 meters or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 meters? {) lifting the 50-kg sack |) lifting the 25-kg sack }) Both require the same amount of work.18. A 50-kg sack is lifted 2 meters in the same time as a 25-kg sack is lifted 4 meters. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack compared to the power use d to lift the 25-kg sack is ~) twice as much. B) half as much. C) the same.19. A TV set is pushed a distance of 2 m with a force of 20 N that is in the same direction as the set moves. How much work is done on the set? Ð ) 2 J B) 10 J C) 20 J D) 40 J E) 80 J20. It takes 40 J to push a large box 4 m across a floor. Assuming the push is in the same direction as the move, what is the magnitude of the force on the box? ) 4 N ) 10 N ) 40 N ) 160 N ) none of these21. A 2-kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground? ) 20 J ) 40 J ) 60 J ) 80 J none of these.22. A 2-kg mass has 40 J of potential energy with respect to the ground. Approximately how far is it located above the ground? ) 1 m ) 2 m ) 3 m ) 4 m ) none of these23. A heavy pile driver starting from rest falls on a pile with a force that depends on ) the original height of the driver. ) the original potential energy of the driver. ) the distance the pile i s moved. ) all of these. ) none of these.24. Using 1000 J of work, a toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds. How much power does the elevator use? 20 W B) 50 W C) 100 W D) 1000 W E) 20,000 W25. One end of a long, uniform log is raised to shoulder level. Another identical log is raised at its center to the same level. Raising the second log requires about ) the same amount of work. ) twice as much work. ) more than twice as much work.26. Two identical arrows, one with twice the kinetic energy of the other, are fired into a hay bale. The faster arrow will penetrate ) the same distance as the slower arrow. ) twice as far as the slower arrow. ) four times as far as the slower arrow. more than four times as far as the slower arrow. ) none of these.27. A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared to the slower car, the faster car has ) 4 times the KE. B) 8 times the KE. ) 12 times the KE. D) 16 times the KE.28. A ball is projected into the air with 100 J of kinetic energy which is transformed to gravitational potential energy at the top of its trajectory. When it returns to its original level after encountering air resistance, its kinetic energy is ) less than 100 J. B) more than 100 J. ) 100 J. D) not enough information given.29. Strictly speaking, if any electrical device in your car is turned on (such as an air conditioner, headlights, or even a radio) more gasoline is burned by the engine. This statement is ) totally false. ) true only if the car's engine is running. ) true only if the car's engine is stopped. ) almost always true. ) none of these.30. A machine puts out 100 Watts of power for every 1000 Watts put into it. The efficiency of the machine is ) 10%. ) 50%. ) 90%. ) 110%. ) none of these.31. An ungloved fist will do more damage to a jaw than a gloved fist.The reason for this is that the ungloved fist ) delivers a larger impulse to the jaw. B) exerts a larger force on the jaw. ) has less air res istance on it. D) none of these.32. A woman lifts a box from the floor. She then moves with constant speed to the other side of the room, where she puts the box down. How much work does she do on the box while walking across the floor at constant speed? ) zero J ) more than zero J ) more information needed to determine33. Two pool balls, each moving at 2 m/s, roll toward each other and collide. Suppose after bouncing apart, each moves at 4 m/s. This collision violates conservation of ) momentum. B) kinetic energy. C) both of these. D) none of these.34. Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet fired has a greater ) momentum. B) kinetic energy. C) none of these. D) both of these.35. A bullet has more kinetic energy than the recoiling rifle from which it is fired is because the force on the bullet acts over a longer ) time. B) distance. ) both of these. D) neither of these.36. An open freight car rolls friction free along a horizontal track in a pouring rain that falls vertically.As w ater accumulates in the car, the car's speed ) increases. B) decreases. C) doesn't change.37. A car has a head-on collision with another car with the same magnitude of momentum. An identical car driving with the same speed as the first car runs into an enormously massive wall. The greater impulse will occur on the car that is in the collision with the ) approaching car. ) the wall. ) both impulses will be the same.38. A popular swinging-balls apparatus (shown below) consists of an aligned row of identical elastic balls suspended by strings so that the balls barely touch each other.When two balls are lifted from one end and released, they strike the row and two balls pop out from the other end.39. Figure 7-D40. If instead one ball popped out with twice the velocity of the two, this would be a violation of conservation of ) momentum. B) energy. C) both of these. D) none of these.41. If instead one ball popped out with kinetic energy equal to the combined kinetic energy of the two, thi s would be a violation of conservation of ) momentum. B) energy. ) both of these. D) neither of these.42. A golf ball is thrown at and bounces backward from a massive bowling ball that is initially at rest.After the collision, compared to the golf ball, the bowling ball has more ) momentum, but less kinetic energy. ) kinetic energy, but less momentum. ) momentum and more kinetic energy. ) but it has less momentum and less kinetic energy. ) not enough information is given to say.43. A piece of taffy slams into and sticks to another identical piece of taffy that is at rest. The momentum of the two pieces stuck together after the collision is the same as it was before the collision, but this is not true of the kinetic energy, which is partly turned into heat. What percentage of the kinetic energy is turned into heat? 0% ) 25% ) 50% ) 75% ) not enough information given44. Two identical freight cars roll without friction (one at 1 m/s, the other at 2 m/s) toward one another on a level tr ack. They collide, couple together, and roll away in the direction that ) the slower car was initially going. ) the faster car was initially going. ) neither of these — they stop.45. Two 5000-kg freight cars roll without friction (one at 1 m/s, the other at 2 m/s) toward one another on a level track. They collide, couple, and roll away together with a combined momentum of ) zero. ) B) 5000 kg m/s. ) C) 10,000 kg m/s. D) 15,000 kg m/s.46. Which requires the most amount of work on the brakes of a car? ) slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h ) slowing down from 70 km/h to a stop ) equal amounts for either47. A car that travels twice as fast as another when braking to a stop will skid ) twice as far. ) four times as far. ) depends on the mass of the cars.48. Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other, are fired into a hay bale. The faster arrow will penetrate ) the same distance as the slower arrow. ) twice as far as the slower arrow. ) four times as far as the s lower arrow. more than four times as far as the slower arrow. ) none of these.49. A person on the edge of a roof throws a ball downward. It strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. The person throws another identical ball upward with the same initial speed, and this too falls to the ground. Neglecting air resistance, the second ball hits the ground with a kinetic energy of ) 100 J. ) 200 J. ) less than 100 J. ) more than 200 J. ) none of these.Answer Keys : 1) Answer: A 2) Answer: A 3) Answer: A 4) Answer: C 5) Answer: B 6) Answer: C 7) Answer: A 8) Answer: C 9) Answer: B 10) Answer: C 11) Answer: C 2) Answer: A 13) Answer: D 14) Answer: A 15) Answer: A 16) Answer: C 17) Answer: C 18) Answer: C 19) Answer: C 20) Answer: D 21) Answer: B 22) Answer: D 23) Answer: B 24) Answer: D 25) Answer: B 26) Answer: B 27) Answer: B 28) Answer: D 29) Answer: A 30) Answer: D 31) Answer: A 32) Answer: B 33) Answer: A 34) Answer: B 35) Answer: B 36) Answer: B 37) Answer: B 38) Answer: C 39) A nswer: B 40) Answer: A 41) Answer: B 42) Answer: A 43) Answer: C 44) Answer: C 45) Answer: B 46) Answer: C 47) Answer: A 48) Answer: B 49) Answer: B 50) Answer: A

Do You Know a Child that Does Not Want to Ride a Bike? Essay

Do you know a child that does not want to ride a bike? Well I do not know anyone. This means I was a healthy young girl like others who were willing to learn how to ride the bicycle. I remember that process so I think I was around five years old. Therefore, to learn riding a bike on my own without the training wheels was an exciting experience. At that moment I did not think about bicycle accidents at all and consequences. Finally, when you learn how to ride the bike it lasts forever and that why is so important to do it at childhood age. I was very excited when my parents bought me a bike. This meant that it was about time for me to learn riding a bike on my own. I could not wait until my dad put all the bike pieces together. I remember how I sat on the bike and got so scared â€Å"how am I going to learn to ride my bike?†. My dad made me calm down when he told me that he is going to hold the bike and I will be fine. Although, I still was scared but I trusted my dad and started pressing the pedals. Everything was going well so I was getting more excited and fascinated. However, I forgot about my dad holding the bike all the time. After while my dad let go the bike and I fell of course I cry and got enough for one day. Finally, I realize that it is going to be difficult and challenging to lear rinding the bike. However, I still thought that riding a bike is so much fun but it will take a lot of practice. The next day in the morning I was ready to do it again of course with help of my dad. For this reason, I suffered my dad from the morning. Finally, he agreed to help me. This time I was riding the bike much more stable and faster so my dad was running and got tired quickly since he did not want me to fall again. Therefore, our lesson did not last long but I felt confident after and for the next day I was ready to try it all by myself. Hence, the next day my precious learning was going smoothly. Finally, by looking forward and pedaling I was riding the bike on my own for the first time. This day bring me so much happiness and new experience. Riding the bike it is so much fun but sometimes accidents happen and they hurt so much. I also, remember my accident and how all that happened. I thought that I am excellent bicycle rider already and I rode the bike so fast. Until my mom saw me, she shout right away â€Å"slow down† for this reason, I braked to hard. Thus, at this moment my body jumped out of the bikes steering wheel to the front. I landed on the ground additionally I did not move at all. My mom was speechless and in her mind thought flashed â€Å"is she is dead†. I know that because she told me later. She finally came over to get me and find out if I am fine. After the accident I had a couple bruises but nothing broken. This was my first big accident but I learn that I should not ride so fast and be careful more when I am on the bike. Riding the bicycle is very important because it is good exercise and so much for when the whole family is able to ride their own bike. However, we must remember that the easiest way is to learn at young age. While we are children we are forget all the bruises so quickly. Moreover, children are not so scared and do not give up so easily. Sometimes even if the children do not want to do it again it is so much easier to convince them with good a example or advice. Children will listen faster than adults and will try again. These are all the reason why I am thankful to my parents that I know how to ride the bike as a child. Since I learned how to ride the bike as a child I did transfer to my children. Me and my family draw benefits by riding a bike during the summer. That why is important to learn the bike specially when we are young. In conclusion, learning riding the bicycle is important specially at young age. Furthermore, it is a big and thrilling experience which one bring happiness for rest of the life. Bicycle accidents just teach as a lesson how to ride more safely. Therefore, all the parents should help their children learn riding a bike so afterwards they will be grateful to them for knowing how to ride the bike.

Flyting - Definition and Examples of Flyting in English

Flyting s of Flyting in English A verbal slanging match: a ritualized form of invective in which insults are exchanged. Its as if a verbal space has been cordoned off, says Ruth Wajnryb. Inside this space a sanctioned kind of swearing can take place . . . where taboos are knowingly and legitimately flouted, providing a linguistic and psychological safety valve for a public letting off of steam (Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language, 2005). Etymology: from the Old English, argue. Examples and Observations: Although the language is often gross, even grotesque and astonishingly scatological, there is also a certain element of play. . . . [Flyting] is the verbal equivalent of virtuoso sword-play. . . .[In the farce] Gammer Gurtons Needle (acted 1566) . . . we find the new idioms of what the devil, how a murrain [plague], go to, Fie shitten knave and out upon thee, the pox, bawdy bitch, that dirty bastard, the whoreson dolt, for Gods sake, thou shitten knave and that dirty shitten lout. The violent altercations between Grandma Gurton and Dame Chat show the closest affiliations to flyting:Gammer​Thou wert as good as kiss my tail,Thou slut, thou cut, thou rakes, thou jakes,[You whore, you jade, you bawd, you shit-house]will not shame make thee hide thee?ChatThou skald, thou bald, thou rotten, thou glutton,[You scold, you hairless thing, you rubbish, you pig]I will no longer chide theeBut I will teach thee to keep home.​(G. Hughes, Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oa ths and Profanity in English. Blackwell, 1991) The Slanging Match in Henry the Fourth Part One Seventeenth-century playwrights regularly provided their audiences with such contests, knowing that they would be well received. There is the well-known exchange in Shakespeares Henry the Fourth Part One (2:iv) between prince Hal and Falstaff. Hal comments on Falstaffs size and weight, calling him: clay braind guts, though knotty-pated fool, thou whoreson, obscene, greasy tallow catch. He also points out that Falstaff is: a bed-presser, a horse-back-breaker, a huge hill of flesh. Falstaff retaliates by remarking on Hals thinness: you starveling, you eel-skin, you dried neats tongue, you bulls pizzle, you stockfish, you tailors yard, you sheath, you bow case, you bile standing tuck.​(Leslie Dunkling, Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address. Routledge, 1990) Playing the Dozens The tradition of ritualized swearing, very much like flyting, continues in a number of places in the modern world. It is perhaps most notable in black American communities, where it is called sounding or signifying or playing the dozens. Variations of this kind of flyting provide social distinctions between in-group and out-group members. But they also act as lyrical cornerstones for much of the anthemic rap (particularly gangsta rap) that defines gang neighbourhoods, including communities of young people from other ethnic backgrounds who admire gang values. . .This style is also called capping and cracking on and is found as well in urban Aboriginal English in Australia.(Ruth Wajnryb, Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language. Free Press, 2005)

Miscommunication Between Teachers In Terms Of Culture, Language, Case Study

Miscommunication Between Teachers In Terms Of Culture, Language, Generation Or Age Differences - Case Study Example This has led to a developing a wide gap between teachers, most of whom belong to the previous generation, and their students, who embrace the new communication technology thereby creating a divide between the two. This leads to multiple misunderstandings which go as afar as affecting how teachers teach and students learn. The data obtained will be analyzed through a number of ways. It will be statistically analyzed through quantitative as well as qualitative techniques. Besides, primary and secondary documents will also be evaluated through thorough scrutiny and extensive reading to authenticate similarity of facts. Change is inevitable; the changes in communication mechanisms have made the world a global village thereby making communication easier. However, this has had a number of influences with the education sector being affected the

Case student of a site of adoult learning in san antoino Essay

Case student of a site of adoult learning in san antoino - Essay Example The clubs operated by curves, however, only provide fitness services to women. The organisation was founded by enthusiasts of fitness, Gary and Diane Heavin, who have been involved in fitness advertising. The founder had a passion for sharing information regarding health and fitness to women. The first club targeted women and provided comprehensive 30 minute fitness sessions, which proved to be highly effective. The successes realised by the first two clubs resulted in the massive expansion of the club. The club began undertaking educational training to people on how to operate fitness clubs, in different communities. This created the current franchise of curves, which reached over 7000 outlets in less than a decade. The organisation has been identified as the fastest growing franchise, globally, with presence in 85 countries and running over 10,000 outlets. Initial training, of the individuals running the outlets, ensures the organisation maintain s uniform operating standards. Within the online site of the company people can learn a lot regarding physical fitness as well as other elements regarding healthy living. The site provides free information on various aspects of fitness, including exercising, losing weight, among many others. The focus of the website is women, who commonly lack information regarding physical exercises which help individuals maintain their fitness. The website provides answers to fitness questions which visitors might have, absolutely free. The organisation provides information to empower members towards adopting fitness measures which enhance their health(Merriam & Bierema, 2014). The organisation itself provides very effective methods of keeping fit through exercise. The organisation has created a signature 30-minute workout which has been fundamental in ensuring the popularity of the clubs, globally. This approach ensures individuals running on a busy